tonsil drain to tonsilar node and then deep cervical groups.retropharyngeal lymph nodes and then to upper and lower cervical groups.pharyngeal plexuses at the back of the middle constrictor and drain into internal vein and connect with pterygoid plexuses.Superior and inferior laryngeal arteries.From maxillary artery (greater palatine and pharyngeal).From facial artery (ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine and tonsillar).vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve.This fibrous thickening of submucosa feels in the gap between the skull and the upper border of the superior constrictor. The circular muscles overlap, telescoped into each other like the stacked cups.Īt the top of the muscles, it is attached to the base of the skull (pharyngeal tubercle anterior to foramen magnum) via the pharyngobasilar fascia. Superior/middle/inferior constrictors are thin curved circular sheets of muscles forming the pharynx with three smaller longitudinal muscles, stylopharyngeus, palatopharyneus and salpingopharyngeus. It is divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. It is in communication with the nose, mouth and larynx. Pharynx is a fibromuscular tube, attached above to the base of the skull and continue below with the oesophagus (end of cricoid at C6).
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